SQL SERVER 2005 ARCHITECTURE

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SQL SERVER 2005 ARCHITECTURE

 

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SQL Server Architecture 

SQL Server is a client/server relational database management system. Figure 1.3 shows the process that every query must follow, from its origin as a SQL query in the client application running in the client computer, to the final result set received by the client application. 

 

Fig: Client access to a SQL Server database 

These steps are defined as follows: 

1. The user selects an option in a client application. This option calls a function in the client application that generates a query that is sent to SQL Server. The application uses a database access library to send the query in a way SQL Server can understand. 

2. The database library transforms the original request into a sequence of one or more Transact-SQL statements to be sent to SQL Server. These statements are encapsulated in one or more Tabular Data Stream (TDS) packets and passed to the database network library to be transferred to the server computer. 

3. The database network library uses the network library available in the client computer to repackage the TDS packets as network protocol packets. 

4. The network protocol packets are sent to the server computer network library across the network, where they are unwrapped from their network protocol. Chapter 1. Relational Database Management Systems and SQL Server 

5. The extracted TDS packets are sent to Open Data Services (ODS), where the original query is extracted. 

6. ODS sends the query to the relational engine, where the query is optimized and executed in collaboration with the storage engine. 

7. The relational engine creates a result set with the final data and sends it to ODS. 

8. ODS builds one or more TDS packets to be sent to the client application, and sends them to the server database network library. 

9. The server database network library repackages the TDS packets as network protocol packets and sends them across the network to the client computer. 

10. The client computer receives the network protocol packets and forwards them to the network libraries where the TDS packets are extracted. 

11. The network library sends the TDS packets to the database access library, where these packets are reassembled and exposed as a client result set to the client application. 

12. The client application displays information contained in the result sets to the user. 

Services Offered by MSSQL Server 2005: 

ØDatebase Engine 

ØFulltext Search 

ØReplication 

ØService Broker 

ØIntegration Services 

ØReporting Services 

ØAnalysis Services 

ØNotification Services 

Database Engine: 

The Database Engine is the core service for storing, processing, and securing data. The Database Engine provides controlled access and rapid transaction processing to meet the requirements of the most demanding data consuming applications within your enterprise. 

Analysis Services: 

Analysis Services is the core service for supporting rapid analysis of business data, delivering online analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining functionality in business intelligence applications. 

Integration Services: 

SQL Server 2005 Integration Services (SSIS) is the extract, transform, and load (ETL) component of SQL Server 2005. It replaces the earlier SQL Server ETL component, Data Transformation Services (DTS). 

Replication: 

Replication is a set of technologies for copying and distributing data and database objects from one database to another, and then synchronizing between databases to maintain consistency. Using replication, you can distribute data to different locations and to remote or mobile users over local and wide area networks, dial-up connections, wireless connections, and the Internet. SQL Server provides three types of replication, each with different capabilities: transactional replication, merge replication, and snapshot replication. 

Reporting Services: 

SQL Server 2005 Reporting Services (SSRS) is a server-based reporting platform that provides comprehensive data reporting from relational and multidimensional data sources. Reporting Services includes processing components, a complete set of tools that you can use to create and manage reports, and an application programming interface (API) that allows developers to integrate or extend data and report processing in custom applications. 

Notification Services: 

SQL Server 2005 Notification Services is a platform for developing applications that generate and send notifications, and it is also an engine that runs those applications. You can use Notification Services to generate and send timely, personalized messages to thousands or even millions of subscribers, and deliver the messages to a wide variety of applications and devices. 

Full-Text Search: 

SQL Server contains the functionality you need to issue full-text queries against plain character-based data in SQL Server tables. Full-text queries could include words and phrases or multiple forms of a word or phrase. Full-Text Search allows fast and flexible indexing for keyword-based query of text data stored in a Microsoft SQL Server database. In SQL Server 2005, Full-Text Search delivers enterprise-level search functionality. 

Service Broker: 

SQL Server 2005 Service Broker provides the SQL Server Database Engine native support for messaging and queuing applications. This makes it easier for developers to create sophisticated applications that use the Database Engine components to communicate between disparate databases. Developers can use Service Broker to easily build distributed and reliable applications. 

Components Installed with SQL Server 

When you install SQL Server you install two different sets of components: 

· Server components are back-end services, responsible for data storage, data integrity, security, concurrency, and so on. 

. Client components are front-end applications, used by administrators, developers, and even end users, to administer, develop, test, and use a SQL Server database system. 

Components Installed: 

  • Microsoft SQL Server service (MSSQLServer)— The main service, responsible for data storage, data integrity, consistency, concurrency, security, query processing, optimization, and execution. 
  • Microsoft SQL Server Agent (SQLServerAgent)— Responsible for scheduling jobs, managing alerts, and Notifying operators. SQL Server Agent is an important service in SQL Server Administration because so many administrative operations depend on it to be executed automatically at fixed intervals— for example, backups, data consistency checks, rebuilding indexes, importing and exporting data, replication, and so on. 
  • Microsoft Search— Provides full-text search capabilities to SQL Server, as well as to Microsoft Exchange and Index Server. 
  • Microsoft SQL Server OLAP Service— Provides back-end support for Analysis Services. 
  • Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS-DTC)— Provides transaction support in multiserver and heterogeneous environments. 
  • Server Network libraries— SQL Server can listen to several network libraries at the same time, waiting for queries to answer, and use any of these libraries to send results to the client. The selected database network library must have a compatible server network library to work with. SQL Server 2000 currently supports the following network libraries: TCP/IP Sockets, Named Pipes, Multiprotocol, NWLink IPX/SPX, VIA ServerNET II SAN, VIA GigaNet SAN, Banyan VINES, and AppleTalk 
Services Installed with Sql Server 2005 

  • Database Services 
  • Integration Services 
  • Analysis Services 
  • Reporting Services 
  • Notification and Broker Services 
  • Client Components 
ØConnectivity Components 

ØManagement Tools 

ØConnectivity Components 

ØBusiness Intelligence Development Studio 

ØSoftware Development Kit 

ØSQL XML Client Features 

ØLegacy Components 

  • Documentation, Samples and Sample Databases 
Tools and Utilities Available with Sql Server: 

Sql Server 2000: 

Enterprise Manager 

Query Analyzer 

Profiler 

Upgrade Wizard 

Service Manager 

Command-line utilities 

Sql Server 2005: 

SQL Server Management Studio 

Sqlcmd Utility 

SQL Configuration Manager 

Database Engine Tuning Advisor 

Query Editor 

Surface Area Configuration 

SQL Server Profiler 

Tablediff Utility 

Sql Server 2008: 

SQL Management Objects 

SQL Configuration Manager 

Sqlcmd Utility 

SQL Server Management Studio 

SQL Profiler 

SQL Server Agent 

Database Tuning Advisor 

Microsoft Operations Manager Pack 

Resource Governor 

Performance Studio 

Editions Of Sql Server: 

Three are types of Editions Available: 

à Core Editions 

ØEnterprise 

ØStandard 

à Specialized Editions 

ØWork Group 

ØWeb 

ØDeveloper 

à Free Editions 

ØExpress 

ØCompact 

Enterprise: 

Enterprise workloads that need redundancy and built-in Business Intelligence 

Standard: 

Shared data scenarios in departments and small to large businesses 

Work Group: 

Remote offices that need local instances of company data 

Web: 

For web application hosting 

Developer: 

Full featured edition for development and testing only 

Express: 

Entry level database, ideal for learning and ISV redistribution 

Compact: 

Embedded database for developing desktop and mobile applications 

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